PCOS: Symptoms and Causes
What is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)?
PCOS is a hormonal disorder that affects approximately 15-20% of women of childbearing age. It is characterized by the presence of multiple small cysts on the ovaries and hormonal imbalances, leading to problems such as irregular menstruation, high levels of androgens, weight gain, and insulin resistance.
Causes and Symptoms
The exact causes of PCOS are not fully understood, but genetic factors and endocrine disorders may play a role. Common symptoms include:
- Absence of menstruation or irregular periods
- Menstrual disorders and irregularity
- High levels of androgens, leading to excessive hair growth, acne, and weight gain
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is typically made using ultrasound (ECO) to detect ovarian enlargement and an increased number of small follicles. It is essential to distinguish PCOS from simple ovarian cysts, which can be a natural condition in some women, especially those with a family history.
Relationship with Obesity and Insulin Resistance
PCOS is often associated with obesity and insulin resistance, which can lead to delayed pregnancy or temporary infertility.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and patient goals, such as weight loss or pregnancy. Options include:
- Weight loss: following a low-carb diet and regular exercise
- Using metformin, a medication that helps reduce insulin resistance and improve metabolism
- Organizing the menstrual cycle using hormonal treatment
- Stimulating ovulation using aromatase inhibitors
Fast and Additional Questions
- Can a teenager have PCOS? Yes, it is common, especially with obesity or a family history of the condition.
- What is the difference between PCO and PCOS? PCO is a phenomenon of multiple cysts on the ovaries without hormonal disorders, whereas PCOS is a condition with hormonal imbalances.
- Can acne be a symptom of PCOS? Yes, it can be a symptom of hormonal imbalance, but it is not exclusive to PCOS.
- Is weight gain a symptom of PCOS? Yes, it is a common symptom, especially with insulin resistance.
- Is PCOS a cause of hair loss? Yes, it can be a symptom of hormonal imbalance.
Conclusion
PCOS is a common hormonal disorder that can significantly impact a woman’s reproductive health and overall quality of life. While there is no single cause, treatment options are available to manage symptoms and improve fertility. Consult a specialist to develop an appropriate treatment plan, as most women with PCOS can significantly improve their quality of life with proper management.